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9/10

Convexity and Jensen

Call f(x)f(x) convex on (a,b)(a, b) if it is differentiable there and f(x)f'(x) is increasing.

1. Decide whether y=x3y = x^3 and y=ln1xy = \ln\dfrac{1}{x} are convex on their domains. 2. Let…

calculusConvexityMonotonicityAM-GM+1
8/10

A Parabola and a Min Triangle Area

The parabola C:y2=2pxC:y^2=2px (p>0p>0) has focus FF. Let AA be any point on CC other than the origin; a line ll through AA meets CC again at BB and meets the positive xx-axis at …

Parametrizationconic sectionsAM-GM
8/10

An Envelope of Contact Chords

From each point of the circle x2+y2=4x^2+y^2=4, the two tangent lines to the ellipse C:x22+y2=1C:\dfrac{x^2}2+y^2=1 are drawn; the segment joining the two points of tangency is called a contact…

Pole and PolarParametrizationconic sectionsanalytic geometry
7/10

A Trig Bound with a Parameter

Let f(x)=a2ln(x+1)x+2f(x) = \dfrac{a}{2}\ln(x+1) - \sqrt{x+2}, where aRa \in \mathbb{R}.

1. When a=83a = \dfrac{8}{3}, find the intervals on which f(x)f(x) is monotonic. 2. If for all $x \geqslant 0…

ExtremacalculusMonotonicityAM-GM+1
6/10

A Vector Condition on a Regular Octagon

figure

In the coordinate plane xOyxOy, OO is the centre of a regular octagon A1A2A8A_1A_2\cdots A_8 with $A_1=(1…

CountingprobabilityCaseworkvectors
8/10

A Shared Point Forces a Minimum

Let a,bRa,b\in\mathbb R with a0a\neq 0. The curves

y=a+2xandy=ax+2b+1y=\frac{a+2}{x}\qquad\text{and}\qquad y=ax+2b+1

have at least one common point with xx-coordinate in the interval [3,4][3,4]. Fin…

ExtremaSubstitutionMonotonicityalgebra+1
4/10

Subsets with Two Conditions

Let S={1,2,3,,10}S = \{1, 2, 3, \dots, 10\}. How many subsets AA of SS satisfy both

A{1,2,3}andA{4,5,6}S?A \cap \{1, 2, 3\} \neq \varnothing \quad \text{and} \quad A \cup \{4, 5, 6\} \neq S?
combinatoricsCountingSet Theory
6/10

Largest Isosceles Right Triangle Around a Fixed Right Triangle

A right triangle PQRPQR with legs 11 and 22 (hypotenuse 5\sqrt5) is inscribed in an isosceles right triangle ABCABC whose right angle is at CC, so that AC=BCAC=BC and ABAB is the hy…

plane geometrytrigonometryExtremaTriangle Geometry
8/10

A Bounded Trig Image

Let a,b,cRa, b, c \in \mathbb{R}, and suppose

acos2x+bsinx+c1for all xR.\left|a\cos^2 x + b\sin x + c\right| \leqslant 1 \qquad \text{for all } x \in \mathbb{R}.

Find the maximum possible value of $|a\sin…

trigonometryExtremaSubstitutionAbsolute Value+1
8/10

A Cyclic Identity Forces a Value

Positive reals x,y,zx, y, z satisfy xy+yz+zx1xy + yz + zx \ne 1 and

(x21)(y21)xy+(y21)(z21)yz+(z21)(x21)zx=4.\frac{(x^2-1)(y^2-1)}{xy} + \frac{(y^2-1)(z^2-1)}{yz} + \frac{(z^2-1)(x^2-1)}{zx} = 4.

Find

\frac{1}{xy} + \frac{…
SubstitutionalgebraSymmetry
8/10

One-Stroke Dissections of a Convex Polygon

figure

A dissection graph of a convex nn-gon is the figure formed by the nn-gon together with n3n-3 of its diagonals, no…

combinatoricsCountingSymmetry
6/10

A Piecewise Sum Minimum

Let

f(x)={2+3lnx,x1,x+1,x<1.f(x) = \begin{cases} 2 + 3\ln x, & x \geqslant 1, \\ x + 1, & x < 1. \end{cases}

If mnm \neq n and f(m)+f(n)=4f(m) + f(n) = 4, find the minimum value of m+nm + n.

functionsExtremacalculusLogarithms+1

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