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★ 8/10

A Root Gap Bound

The function f(x)=(x+b)(ex−a)f(x)=(x+b)\left(\mathrm e^x-a\right) (b>0b>0) has tangent line

(e−1)x+ey+e−1=0(\mathrm e-1)x+\mathrm e y+\mathrm e-1=0

at the point (−1,f(−1))(-1,f(-1)).

1. Find aa and bb. 2. Suppos…

calculusConvexityMonotonicity
★ 7/10

A Midpoint Locus of Skew Segments

Points AA and BB lie on skew lines aa and bb respectively, and the segment ABAB is perpendicular to both. Moving points P∈aP\in a and Q∈bQ\in b satisfy that PA+QBPA+QB is constant. …

plane geometryParametrizationsolid geometrySymmetry
★ 8/10

A Supremum of a Trig Recurrence

A sequence {an}\{a_n\} satisfies a1=1a_1=1, a2=6a_2=6, and for n⩾3n\geqslant 3,

trigonometryLimitsMonotonicityRecursion+1
★ 6/10

Two Zeros of a Mixed Function

Let f(x)=(x−2)ex+a(x−1)2f(x) = (x-2)\mathrm{e}^x + a(x-1)^2.

1. Discuss the monotonicity of f(x)f(x). 2. If f(x)f(x) has two zeros, find the range of possible values of the real number aa.

functionscalculusMonotonicityCasework
★ 6/10

A Minimum of Negative One

Let f(x)=aex−ex−af(x) = a\mathrm{e}^x - \mathrm{e}x - a with a<ea < \mathrm{e}.

1. If the local minimum value of f(x)f(x) is −1-1, find aa. 2. If a=1a = 1, prove that for x⩾0x \geqslant 0,

f(…f(…
ExtremacalculusMonotonicityLogarithms+1
★ 8/10

Three Embedded Inequalities

Let A,B,CA, B, C be the interior angles of a triangle and x,y,zx, y, z real numbers. For each of the following, determine (with proof or counterexample) whether it holds for all such $A,…

trigonometryTrigonometric IdentitiesinequalityDiscriminant
★ 8/10

A Square-Root Partial-Sum Bound

Let n∈N∗n \in \mathbb{N}^*, and let a1,a2,…,ana_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n be positive reals with partial sums Sk=a1+⋯+akS_k = a_1 + \cdots + a_k and Sn=1S_n = 1. Prove that

1 \leqslant \sum_{k=1}^n \frac…
sequencesTelescopinginequality
★ 7/10

A Wave That Fills Every Window

Let mm be a positive integer and

f(x)=sin⁡(m5x+π3).f(x) = \sin\left(\frac{m}{5}x + \frac{\pi}{3}\right).

Suppose that for every integer nn,

{ f(x)∣n≤x≤n+1 }=[−1,1].…\{\, f(x) \mid n \le x \le n+1 \,\} = [-1, 1]. …
functionstrigonometry
★ 6/10

Digit Counts of Cubes

A positive integer aa has nn digits in base ten, and a3a^3 has mm digits. Determine which of the values

n+m=2020,2021,2022,2023n + m = 2020, \quad 2021, \quad 2022, \quad 2023

are possible, with…

number theoryModular ArithmeticNumber Bases
★ 7/10

The Reflective Property of an Ellipse

Prove that a ray of light emitted from one focus of an ellipse, after reflecting off the ellipse, passes through the other focus.

Reflectionconic sectionsExtremal Principle
★ 7/10

A 2018-Fold Equation

Find the number of real solutions of

(x2018+1)(1+x2+x4+⋯+x2016)=2018x2017.\left(x^{2018} + 1\right)\left(1 + x^2 + x^4 + \cdots + x^{2016}\right) = 2018x^{2017}.
algebraAM-GMinequalitySymmetry
★ 7/10

Range of a Sine Mixture

Let x,y>0x, y > 0. Find the range of possible values of

m=11+sin⁡(xy)+sin⁡2x+sin⁡2y1+xy.m = \frac{1}{1 + \sin(xy)} + \frac{\sin^2 x + \sin^2 y}{1 + xy}.
functionstrigonometryLimitsEstimation+1

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