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8/10

Absolute Sines in a Row

Let f(x)=sinxf(x) = |\sin x|.

1. Prove that

sin1f(x)+f(x+1)2cos12.\sin 1 \le f(x) + f(x+1) \le 2\cos\frac12.
  1. Prove that for every positive integer nn,
f(n)n+f(n+1)n+1+\frac{f(n)}{n} + \frac{f(n+1)}{n+1} + \cdots…
trigonometryEstimationCauchy-Schwarzinequality
7/10

A Harmonic Block Bound

Prove that for every nNn \in \mathbb{N}^*,

1n+1+1n+2++13n+1<1110.\frac{1}{n+1} + \frac{1}{n+2} + \cdots + \frac{1}{3n+1} < \frac{11}{10}.
sequencesEstimationTelescopinginequality
7/10

Three Secants of a Cubic

The graph of a cubic function f(x)f(x) passes through the points A(2,4)A(2, 4), B(3,9)B(3, 9), C(4,16)C(4, 16). Lines ABAB, ACAC, BCBC meet the graph of f(x)f(x) again at points DD, EE, FF respe…

algebraPolynomialsanalytic geometryVieta's Formulas
6/10

Angle Between Two Planes in a Unit Tetrahedron

figure

As shown in the figure, in a regular tetrahedron ABCDABCD with edge length 11, points MM, NN, KK lie on edges ABAB,…

solid geometryLinear Algebravectors
4/10

Perpendicular Diagonals and Sums of Squared Sides

figure

In quadrilateral ABCDABCD the diagonals satisfy ACBDAC\perp BD. Prove that

AB2+CD2=AD2+BC2.AB^2+CD^2=AD^2+BC^2.
plane geometryTriangle Geometry
5/10

Distance to the Center

Consider the ellipse x29+y26=1\dfrac{x^2}{9} + \dfrac{y^2}{6} = 1 with foci F1,F2F_1, F_2 and center OO. A point PP on the ellipse satisfies

cosF1PF2=35.\cos\angle F_1PF_2 = \frac{3}{5}.

Find $|…

Law of Cosinesconic sectionsanalytic geometry
8/10

A Staircase Sequence

Let {an}\{a_n\} be a geometric sequence with positive common ratio, partial sums SnS_n, a1=1a_1 = 1, and S2=a31S_2 = a_3 - 1.

1. Find SnS_n. 2. Define a sequence {bn}\{b_n\} by

bn=\beb_n = \be…
Arithmetic ProgressionGeometric ProgressionRecursionsequences
7/10

A Circumcenter Identity

Let OO be the circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC with A=π3A = \dfrac{\pi}{3}, and suppose

cosBsinCAB+cosCsinBAC=2m\ov\frac{\cos B}{\sin C}\overrightarrow{AB} + \frac{\cos C}{\sin B}\overrightarrow{AC} = 2m\ov…
Law of SinestrigonometryTrigonometric Identitiesvectors
8/10

A Hidden-Zero Bound

Let

f(x)=lnxax+1+4.f(x) = \ln x - a\sqrt{x + 1} + 4.

1. When a=3a = \sqrt{3}, find the intervals of monotonicity of f(x)f(x). 2. Suppose f(x)f(x) has two zeros.

  1. Find the range of possible…
functionsExtremacalculusMonotonicity+1
7/10

An Absolute-Log Barrier

Let f(x)=(2x2x3)e1xf(x) = \left(2x^2 - x^3\right)\mathrm{e}^{1-x} for x>0x > 0.

1. Find the maximum value of f(x)f(x). 2. If the inequality

ax2e1x+lnxaax^2\mathrm{e}^{1-x} + |\ln x| \geqslant a

holds …

functionsExtremacalculusMonotonicity+2
7/10

A Distance in Disguise

Find the maximum value of

f(t,α)=(cosα+2sinα)t2t222tcosα+2,f(t, \alpha) = \frac{\left|\left(\cos\alpha + \sqrt{2}\sin\alpha\right)t - \sqrt{2}\right|}{\sqrt{t^2 - 2\sqrt{2}\,t\cos\alpha + 2}},

where $t \in \…

trigonometryCauchy-Schwarzanalytic geometry
7/10

Two Classics Combined

Let f(x)=exf(x) = \mathrm{e}^x and g(x)=lnxg(x) = \ln x.

1. If h(x)=f(x)+ag(x)h(x) = f(x) + a\,g(x) has a local minimum, find the range of possible values of the real number aa. 2. If m>0m > 0 and

m2m^2…
calculusMonotonicityEstimationinequality+1

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