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6/10

Counting Achievable Sums

A set AA consists of 4040 elements of {1,2,,50}\{1, 2, \dots, 50\}, and SS is the sum of its elements. How many distinct values can SS take?

combinatoricsCounting
6/10

Floors of Trig Sums

With [][\,\cdot\,] the floor function, find the range of

f(x)=[2sinxcosx]+[sinx+cosx].f(x) = \left[2\sin x\cos x\right] + \left[\sin x + \cos x\right].
functionstrigonometrySubstitutionTrigonometric Identities+1
6/10

A Symmetry Axis from an Integral

Let f(x)=sin(xφ)f(x)=\sin(x-\varphi), and suppose 02π/3f(x)dx=0\displaystyle\int_0^{2\pi/3}f(x)\,\mathrm dx=0. Find an axis of symmetry of the graph of f(x)f(x).

trigonometrycalculusTrigonometric IdentitiesSymmetry
6/10

Skew-Line Angle Between Two Perpendicular Squares

figure

As shown in the figure, the quadrilaterals ABCDABCD and ADPQADPQ are both squares, and the planes containing them are per…

Extremasolid geometryvectors
8/10

Comparing Three Angles in a Folded Rectangle

figure

In rectangle ABCDABCD with AD<CDAD<CD, triangle ACDACD is folded up along ACAC to triangle ACD1ACD_1, so that the dihedral …

solid geometryTrigonometric Identitiesvectors
8/10

A Product Nonnegativity

The inequality

(ax1)(lnx+ax)0(ax - 1)(\ln x + ax) \geqslant 0

holds for all x(0,+)x \in (0, +\infty). Find the range of possible values of the real number aa.

ExtremacalculusMonotonicityinequality+1
8/10

Two Extreme Points and an Integer

Let f(x)=xlnx12mx2xf(x) = x\ln x - \dfrac12 m x^2 - x.

1. For m=4m = 4, find the tangent line to y=f(x)y = f(x) at (1,f(1))(1, f(1)). 2. Suppose ff has two extreme points x1<x2x_1 < x_2, and

lnx22\ln x_2 - 2…
functionsExtremacalculusSubstitution+1
7/10

Obtuse in a Regular Polygon

Three vertices of a regular nn-gon are chosen at random. The probability that they form an obtuse triangle is 93125\dfrac{93}{125}. Find all possible values of nn.

combinatoricsCountingprobabilityCasework
7/10

A Fixed Point from Tangents to a Shrinking Circle

figure

As shown in the figure, let AA be the top vertex of the ellipse x24+y2=1\dfrac{x^2}{4} + y^2 = 1. The two lines through AA tange…

Tangent Circleconic sectionsanalytic geometryVieta's Formulas
6/10

A Cosine in Disguise

A function ff on R\mathbb{R} satisfies f(1)=14f(1) = \dfrac14 and

4f(x)f(y)=f(x+y)+f(xy).4f(x)f(y) = f(x+y) + f(x-y).

Find f(2016)f(2016).

functionsRecursionFunctional Equations
7/10

A Nested Self-Reference

A function f(x)f(x) satisfies

f(x)={x3,x1000,f(f(x+5)),x<1000.f(x)=\begin{cases}x-3,&x\geqslant 1000,\\ f(f(x+5)),&x<1000.\end{cases}

Find f(84)f(84).

functionsRecursionModular ArithmeticCasework
7/10

Signs from an Absolute Inequality

Real numbers a,ba,b satisfy

a(a+b)<aa+b.\bigl||a|-(a+b)\bigr|<\bigl|a-|a+b|\bigr|.

Determine the sign of aa and the sign of bb (each >0>0 or <0<0).

Absolute Valuealgebrainequality

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