Triple-Free Subsets

Problem

Call S⊆A={1,…,2045}S \subseteq A = \{1, \dots, 2045\} triple-free if no element of SS is three times another. Let nn be the number of triple-free subsets of maximum size; write n=paqbn = p^aq^b with p,qp, q prime. For N=p2+q2+a2+b2N = p^2 + q^2 + a^2 + b^2, find the last three digits of NN.

Answer

Solution

Difficulty8/10
Topicscombinatorics, number theory, Counting, Extremal Principle, Casework

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