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★ 7/10

A Ratio Pinned by a Parabola

The quadratic f(x)=ax2+2bx+cf(x) = ax^2 + 2bx + c with c>b>ac > b > a passes through (1,0)(1, 0) and meets the line y=−ay = -a. Prove that

0≤ba<1.0 \le \frac{b}{a} < 1.
functionsQuadratic Equationsalgebrainequality+2
★ 6/10

An Angle Sum from Trisection Points

figure

In right triangle ABCABC, ∠C=90∘\angle C = 90^\circ and AC:CB=1:3AC : CB = 1 : 3. Points EE and DD are the two trisection poin…

plane geometrytrigonometryTrigonometric IdentitiesTriangle Geometry
★ 8/10

A Cosecant Product

Suppose

∏k=145csc⁡2(2k−1)∘=mn,\prod_{k=1}^{45}\csc^2(2k-1)^\circ=m^n,

where m,n∈N∗m,n\in\mathbb N^{*} with m,n⩾2m,n\geqslant 2. Find m+nm+n. (Hint: use sin⁡3x=4sin⁡xsin⁡(60∘−x)sin⁡(60∘+x)\sin 3x=4\sin x\sin(60^\circ-x)\sin(60^\circ+x).)

trigonometryTrigonometric Identities
★ 9/10

A Polar Collinearity

Consider the hyperbola E ⁣:x2a2−y2b2=1E \colon \dfrac{x^2}{a^2} - \dfrac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 and a point M(x0,y0)M(x_0, y_0) not on EE with x0y0≠0x_0y_0 \neq 0. Let N(λx0,λy0)N(\lambda x_0, \lambda y_0), where

\fr…\fr…
Pole and PolarParametrizationconic sectionsanalytic geometry
★ 7/10

A Dream Within a Dream

A function f(x)f(x) is strictly decreasing on (0,+∞)(0, +\infty), and for every x∈(0,+∞)x \in (0, +\infty),

f(x)⋅f ⁣(f(x)+2x)=13.f(x) \cdot f\!\left(f(x) + \frac{2}{x}\right) = \frac{1}{3}.

Let $g(x) = f(x) …

functionsAM-GMFunctional Equations
★ 7/10

A Weighted Sum's Extremes

Let n⩾2n \geqslant 2 and a1,a2,…,an⩾0a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \geqslant 0 with ∑i=1nai2=S\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n a_i^2 = S. Find, in terms of SS and nn, the maximum and minimum values of

M=∑…M = \sum…
algebraCauchy-Schwarzinequality
★ 7/10

A Three-Term Minimum

For a,b∈[0,1]a, b \in [0, 1], find the minimum value of

S(a,b)=a1+b+b1+a+(1−a)(1−b).S(a, b) = \frac{a}{1+b} + \frac{b}{1+a} + (1-a)(1-b).
functionsExtremaSubstitutionAM-GM+1
★ 7/10

An Incenter Region Area

In △ABC\triangle ABC, AC=6AC=6, BC=7BC=7, cos⁡A=15\cos A=\dfrac 15, and II is the incenter. A point PP satisfies IP→=xIA→+yIB→\overrightarrow{IP}=x\overrightarrow{IA}+y\overrightarrow{IB} with $x,y\in[…

plane geometryLaw of CosinesTriangle Geometryvectors
★ 6/10

Four Tenth Roots

Let ω=cos⁡π5+isin⁡π5\omega = \cos\dfrac{\pi}{5} + \mathrm{i}\sin\dfrac{\pi}{5}. Expand

(x−ω)(x−ω3)(x−ω7)(x−ω9)(x - \omega)(x - \omega^3)(x - \omega^7)(x - \omega^9)

as a polynomial in xx with integer coefficien…

complex numbersRoots of Unity FilteralgebraPolynomials
★ 7/10

An Apollonius Minimum

In the coordinate plane xOyxOy, let A(4,0)A(4,0) and B(0,3)B(0,3), and let PP be a moving point on the circle x2+y2=4x^2+y^2=4. Find the minimum value of

3AP+2BP.3AP+2BP.
analytic geometryApollonius Circle
★ 7/10

A Nonnegative Range Tradeoff

The quadratic f(x)=ax2−4x+cf(x) = ax^2 - 4x + c (for x∈Rx \in \mathbb{R}) has range [0,+∞)[0, +\infty). Find the maximum value of

1c+1+9a+9.\frac{1}{c+1} + \frac{9}{a+9}.
functionsAM-GMinequalityDiscriminant
★ 8/10

A Unique Zero of a Composition

Let f(x)=x2+axf(x) = x^2 + \dfrac{a}{x} for x>0x > 0. If f(f(x))f(f(x)) has a unique zero, find the range of possible values of aa.

functionsMonotonicity

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