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★ 6/10

Balancing ff and gg

Let f(x)=xf(x) = x and g(x)=x2−x+3g(x) = x^2 - x + 3. Suppose there exist x1,x2,…,xn∈[0,92]x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \in \left[0, \dfrac{9}{2}\right] such that

f(x1)+f(x2)+⋯+f(xn−1)+g(xn)=g…f(x_1) + f(x_2) + \cdots + f(x_{n-1}) + g(x_n) = g…
functionsExtremaSubstitutionalgebra
★ 8/10

Triple-Free Subsets

Call S⊆A={1,…,2045}S \subseteq A = \{1, \dots, 2045\} triple-free if no element of SS is three times another. Let nn be the number of triple-free subsets of maximum size; write $n = p^aq^b…

combinatoricsnumber theoryCountingExtremal Principle+1
★ 8/10

Three Crossings Below Three

Consider the line l ⁣:kx−y−k+1=0l \colon kx - y - k + 1 = 0 and

f(x)={x3−3x2+2x+1,x⩽2,ax−2a+1,x>2.f(x) = \begin{cases} x^3 - 3x^2 + 2x + 1, & x \leqslant 2,\\ ax - 2a + 1, & x > 2. \end{cases}

The line ll meets the grap…

functionscalculusalgebraPolynomials+1
★ 7/10

A Prism Cut by a Plane

A regular quadrilateral prism ABCD-A1B1C1D1ABCD\text{-}A_1B_1C_1D_1 has base ABCDABCD a square of side length 33 and AA1=6AA_1=6. Points E,F,GE,F,G lie on the segments A1D1A_1D_1, AA1AA_1, B1C1B_1C_1 res…

solid geometryHomothetyvectors
★ 4/10

Exactly Three Integers

The system of inequalities 2m⩽x⩽4m2m \leqslant x \leqslant 4m (in the unknown xx) has exactly 33 integer solutions. Find the range of possible values of mm.

algebrainequalityCasework
★ 8/10

Claims About a Cubic Iteration

A sequence {an}\{a_n\} satisfies an+1=14(an−6)3+6a_{n+1}=\dfrac 14(a_n-6)^3+6 (n∈N∗n\in\mathbb N^{*}). Determine, with proof, which of the following claims are true.

1. When a1=3a_1=3, {an}\{a_n\} is d…

MonotonicityRecursionsequencesCasework
★ 8/10

Three Zeros of a Mixed Function

The function

f(x)=2ex−ax2+(a−2e)xf(x) = 2e^x - ax^2 + (a - 2e)x

has three distinct zeros. Find the range of possible values of the real number aa.

ExtremacalculusMonotonicity
★ 8/10

Chebyshev on a Parabola

Let f(x)=x2f(x) = x^2 for 0⩽x⩽10 \leqslant x \leqslant 1, and let H(a,b)H(a, b) be the maximum distance from a point of the graph of ff to the line y=ax+by = ax + b. Find the minimum value of $H(…

functionsExtremaAbsolute Valueinequality
★ 8/10

A Self-Indexed Sequence

A sequence {an}\{a_n\} of positive integers satisfies

aan+an=2nfor every positive integer n.a_{a_n} + a_n = 2n \qquad \text{for every positive integer } n.

Find ana_n.

sequencesInductionCasework
★ 8/10

A Min Area from Perpendicular Chords

The parabola y2=4xy^2=4x has focus FF. Through FF, two perpendicular lines meet the parabola at A,BA,B and C,DC,D respectively. Let MM, NN be the midpoints of the chords ABAB, CDCD,…

ExtremaParametrizationconic sections
★ 7/10

A Forced Odd Structure

The function

f(x)=sin⁡x+mcos⁡x+2+ntan⁡xf(x) = \frac{\sin x + m}{\cos x + 2} + n\tan x

has maximum plus minimum equal to 88. Find m+nm + n.

functionstrigonometrySubstitutionDiscriminant
★ 8/10

A Minimal Cyclic Product Sum

Let δ=(a1,a2,…,an)\delta=(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n) be a permutation of {1,2,…,n}\{1,2,\dots,n\}, and define

F(δ)=∑i=1naiai+1,where an+1=a1.F(\delta)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ia_{i+1},\qquad\text{where }a_{n+1}=a_1.

Find $\min_{\delta}F(\delt…

combinatoricsRecursionInduction

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