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6/10

A Disguised Parabola

Consider the curve

C ⁣:(x2y)3x2y=81.C \colon \left(x^2 - y\right)\cdot 3^{x^2 - y} = 81.

Find the minimum distance from a point of CC to the origin.

functionsExtremaSubstitutionMonotonicity+2
8/10

Packing Harmonic Squares

Prove the following.

1. For every integer k2k\geqslant 2,

12k+12k+1+12k+2++12k+11<1.\frac 1{2^k}+\frac 1{2^k+1}+\frac 1{2^k+2}+\dots+\frac 1{2^{k+1}-1}<1.
  1. The squares with side lengths $1,\dfrac 12,…
combinatoricsEstimationinequality
8/10

A Nested Right Triangle

A right triangle DEFDEF has its three vertices on the sides ABAB, BCBC, CACA of an equilateral triangle ABCABC respectively, with DEF=90\angle DEF=90^\circ and EDF=30\angle EDF=30^\circ. Fin…

plane geometryLaw of SinestrigonometryExtrema+1
6/10

Unit Vectors at 120120^\circ

Unit vectors e1,e2\vec e_1, \vec e_2 make an angle of 120120^\circ, and reals x,yx, y satisfy

xe1+ye2=3.\left|x\vec e_1 + y\vec e_2\right| = \sqrt3.

Find the range of $\left|x\vec e_1 - y\v…

SubstitutionalgebraAM-GMvectors
6/10

The Best Cone Angle

The lateral surface of a cone unrolls into a circular sector of fixed area with central angle α\alpha. When the volume of the sphere inscribed in the cone is largest, find $\alpha…

calculusSubstitutionsolid geometryAM-GM
7/10

A Polarization Range

In the coordinate plane, let A(1,0)A(-1, 0), and let B,CB, C move along the unit circle centered at the origin OO so that the line BCBC has inclination 3030^\circ. Find the range of po…

ExtremaCirclesanalytic geometryvectors
6/10

A Non-Unique Optimum

Real numbers x,yx, y satisfy the constraints

{x+y20,x2y20,2xy+20.\begin{cases} x + y - 2 \leqslant 0,\\ x - 2y - 2 \leqslant 0,\\ 2x - y + 2 \geqslant 0. \end{cases}

If the objective z=yaxz = y - ax

Linear Programmingalgebraanalytic geometryinequality+1
7/10

Bounded by a Hidden Sine

A sequence satisfies a0=0a_0 = 0, a1=13a_1 = \dfrac13, and

3an+14an+3an1=0(n1).3a_{n+1} - 4a_n + 3a_{n-1} = 0 \qquad (n \ge 1).

Prove that an<12|a_n| < \dfrac12 for every positive integer nn.

complex numberssequences
8/10

Squares From a Coupled System

Sequences {xn}\{x_n\} and {yn}\{y_n\} are defined by x1=1x_1 = 1, y1=39y_1 = 39, and

{xn+1=23xn+yn+2,yn+1=551xn+24yn+64.\begin{cases} x_{n+1} = 23x_n + y_n + 2, \\ y_{n+1} = 551x_n + 24y_n + 64. \end{cases}

Prove that …

number theorysequences
7/10

Symmetry and a Derivative Sum

A function f(x)f(x) and its derivative f(x)f'(x) are defined on R\mathbb{R}, with f(x)f(x) increasing. Write g(x)=f(x)g(x) = f'(x). Suppose

f(3x2)+f(43x)=f(3),g(x)+g(4f(3x - 2) + f(4 - 3x) = f(3), \qquad g(x) + g(4 -…
functionscalculusMonotonicityalgebra+2
8/10

Extremal Dihedral on a Tangent Line

A line BCBC is perpendicular to the plane of a unit circle OO and meets the circle at AA, with AB=BC=1AB=BC=1. Let PP be any point of the circle other than AA, and let ll be the ta…

Extremasolid geometryAM-GM
5/10

Three Three-Digit Numbers

Let p=(a1,a2,,a9)p = (a_1, a_2, \dots, a_9) be a permutation of 1,2,,91, 2, \dots, 9, and define

s(p)=a1a2a3+a4a5a6+a7a8a9,s(p) = \overline{a_1 a_2 a_3} + \overline{a_4 a_5 a_6} + \overline{a_7 a_8 a_9},

the sum of …

combinatoricsExtremanumber theoryCounting+2

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