A Jump of Size mm

Problem

Let A ⁣:a1,a2,,a2mA \colon a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{2m} be a permutation of 1,2,,2m1, 2, \ldots, 2m, where mNm \in \mathbb{N}^* and m3m \geqslant 3. Say AA has property PP if there is at least one i{1,2,,2m1}i \in \{1, 2, \ldots, 2m-1\} with aiai+1=m|a_i - a_{i+1}| = m.

1. For m=3m = 3, decide whether the sequences B ⁣:1,5,3,4,6,2B \colon 1, 5, 3, 4, 6, 2 and C ⁣:6,5,2,4,1,3C \colon 6, 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 have property PP. 2. Suppose the subsequences {a2n1}\{a_{2n-1}\} and {a2n}\{a_{2n}\} (n=1,2,,mn = 1, 2, \ldots, m) are both arithmetic, with a1=1a_1 = 1 and a2m=2a_{2m} = 2. Prove that for every even mm, the sequence AA does not have property PP. 3. Among all permutations of 1,2,,2m1, 2, \ldots, 2m, let SS be the number of sequences with property PP and TT the number without it. Prove that S>TS > T for every m3m \geqslant 3.

Answer

Solution

Difficulty9/10
Topicscombinatorics, Arithmetic Progression, Counting, sequences, Casework

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