Fibonacci, Four Ways

Problem

The sequence {an}\{a_n\} satisfies a1=a2=1a_1 = a_2 = 1 and an+2=an+1+ana_{n+2} = a_{n+1} + a_n. Determine, with proof, which of the following are true:

1. only finitely many positive integers mm have ama_m and am+1a_{m+1} coprime; 2. there exists at least one positive integer mm with am+2am=am+12a_{m+2}a_m = a_{m+1}^2; 3. there exist infinitely many positive integers p,qp, q such that apaq−1a_pa_q - 1 is a perfect square; 4. there exist infinitely many pairs (m,n)(m, n) of positive integers with am∣(an2+1)a_m \mid \left(a_n^2 + 1\right) and an∣(am2+1)a_n \mid \left(a_m^2 + 1\right).

Answer

Solution

Difficulty8/10
Topicsnumber theory, Recursion, Modular Arithmetic, sequences

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