Products That Stay Inside

Problem

A finite increasing sequence a1<a2<<ana_1 < a_2 < \cdots < a_n (n3n \ge 3) has the property that for any indices i<j<ki < j < k, at least one of the products aiaja_ia_j, ajaka_ja_k, aiaka_ia_k is itself a term of the sequence.

1. If n=4n = 4 and a1=1a_1 = 1, a2=2a_2 = 2, a3=aa_3 = a, a4=6a_4 = 6, find aa. 2. Prove that 2,3,52, 3, 5 cannot all be terms of such a sequence. 3. Find the maximum possible nn.

Answer

Solution

Difficulty8/10
Topicscombinatorics, algebra, sequences, Extremal Principle, Casework

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