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8/10

A Seventh-Power Trig Equation

Solve over the reals:

sin7x+1cos3x=cos7x+1sin3x.\sin^7 x + \frac{1}{\cos^3 x} = \cos^7 x + \frac{1}{\sin^3 x}.
functionstrigonometryMonotonicity
8/10

A Multiplicative Closure Property

A set A={a1,,an}A = \{a_1, \dots, a_n\} with 1a1<a2<<an1 \le a_1 < a_2 < \cdots < a_n and n2n \ge 2 has property P: for all 1ijn1 \le i \le j \le n, at least one of aiaja_i a_j and $\dfrac{a_j}{a_i}…

Geometric Progressionnumber theorySet Theoryalgebra+1
8/10

A Ratio of Parameters

Let f(x)=lnx+(ea)x2bf(x) = \ln x + (e - a)x - 2b. If f(x)0f(x) \leqslant 0 for all x(0,+)x \in (0, +\infty), find the minimum value of ba\dfrac{b}{a}.

ExtremacalculusMonotonicityLogarithms+1
8/10

A Product of Sines

For every positive integer nn and real θ\theta, prove that

sinθsin2θsin2nθ(32)n.\left|\sin\theta \cdot \sin 2\theta \cdots \sin 2^n\theta\right| \le \left(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)^n.
trigonometryAM-GMinequality
7/10

Extrema from an ODE Condition

Let f(x)f(x) satisfy

x2f(x)+2xf(x)=exx,f(2)=e28.x^2f'(x)+2xf(x)=\frac{\mathrm e^x}x,\qquad f(2)=\frac{\mathrm e^2}8.

For x>0x>0, determine, with justification, whether f(x)f(x) has a local maximum and/or a lo…

functionsExtremacalculusMonotonicity
6/10

The Orthocenter as a Center of the Orthic Triangle

figure

In an acute triangle ABCABC with orthocenter HH, the feet of the three altitudes are D,E,FD,E,F. Determine which notable…

plane geometryInscribed AngleCirclesTriangle Geometry
6/10

Largest Isosceles Right Triangle Around a Fixed Right Triangle

A right triangle PQRPQR with legs 11 and 22 (hypotenuse 5\sqrt5) is inscribed in an isosceles right triangle ABCABC whose right angle is at CC, so that AC=BCAC=BC and ABAB is the hy…

plane geometrytrigonometryExtremaTriangle Geometry
9/10

A Critical Constant Above 1.3

Let f(x)=ex1xf(x) = \dfrac{e^x - 1}{x}.

1. Find the intervals of monotonicity of f(x)f(x). 2. Suppose

ex2xlnxkx10for all x>0,e^x - 2x\ln x - kx - 1 \geqslant 0 \qquad \text{for all } x > 0,

and let $\lambd…

ExtremacalculusConvexityMonotonicity+1
6/10

A Constrained Right Triangle

The sides a,b,ca, b, c of a right triangle satisfy

3a5b8c9.3 \leqslant a \leqslant 5 \leqslant b \leqslant 8 \leqslant c \leqslant 9.

Find the maximum possible area of the triangle.

plane geometryExtremainequalityTriangle Geometry
7/10

Perpendicularity in a Rhombic Parallelepiped

figure

In parallelepiped ABCD-A1B1C1D1ABCD\text{-}A_1B_1C_1D_1 the base is a rhombus, and the three edges meeting at vertex CC ma…

solid geometryTriangle Geometryvectors
7/10

Counting Covering Triples

Sets A,B,CA, B, C satisfy ABC={1,2,,2023}A \cup B \cup C = \{1, 2, \ldots, 2023\} and ABC=A \cap B \cap C = \varnothing. Let nn be the number of such ordered triples (A,B,C)(A, B, C). Find the last two …

combinatoricsnumber theoryCountingModular Arithmetic
8/10

Two Perpendicular Chords

Let PP be the bottom vertex of the ellipse E ⁣:x24+y2=1E \colon \dfrac{x^2}{4} + y^2 = 1. Two mutually perpendicular lines l1,l2l_1, l_2 pass through PP: the line l1l_1 meets the circle $x^2 …

ExtremaCirclesconic sectionsanalytic geometry

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