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★ 7/10

Three Dot Products, One Norm

Plane vectors a⃗,b⃗,c⃗\vec a, \vec b, \vec c satisfy

a⃗⋅b⃗=1,b⃗⋅c⃗=1,c⃗⋅a⃗=2.\vec a \cdot \vec b = 1, \qquad \vec b \cdot \vec c = 1, \qquad \vec c \cdot \vec a = 2.

Find the range of $\left|\vec a + \vec…

inequalityvectors
★ 9/10

Triangle-Preserving Curve Families

A family of curves Γm\Gamma_m is called triangle-preserving if for every triangle ABCABC, some curve in the family contains three points P,Q,RP,Q,R with △PQR\triangle PQR congruent to …

plane geometrySimilar TrianglesCirclesanalytic geometry+1
★ 8/10

A Trinomial Coefficient Partial Sum

Let (1+x+x2)1000=a0+a1x+a2x2+⋯+a2000x2000(1+x+x^2)^{1000}=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots+a_{2000}x^{2000}. Find the value of

a0+a3+a6+a9+⋯+a1998.a_0+a_3+a_6+a_9+\cdots+a_{1998}.
combinatoricscomplex numbersGenerating Functionsalgebra+1
★ 8/10

Iterating a Quadratic

Let f(x)=ax2+2x+1f(x) = ax^2 + 2x + 1. If

f(f(x))⩾0for all x∈R,f(f(x)) \geqslant 0 \qquad \text{for all } x \in \mathbb{R},

find the range of possible values of the real number aa.

functionsQuadratic EquationsMonotonicityPolynomials+1
★ 8/10

An Edge Sphere and a Circle

Let MM be a point of the midsphere (the sphere tangent to all edges) of a cube ABCD-A1B1C1D1ABCD\text{-}A_1B_1C_1D_1 of edge length 22, and let NN be a point of the circumcircle of the tri…

solid geometryCirclesSymmetry
★ 9/10

A Concyclic Quartet on a Hyperbola

Let A,B,C,DA,B,C,D be four points on the hyperbola xy=kxy=k. Let ADAD meet BCBC at PP, let BDBD meet ACAC at QQ, and let CDCD meet ABAB at RR. Let OO be the origin. Prove that $O,P,Q,…

conic sectionsanalytic geometrySymmetry
★ 8/10

Two Angles, Two Lengths

Vectors a⃗,b⃗\vec{a}, \vec{b} make an angle of π3\dfrac{\pi}{3} and ∣a⃗−b⃗∣=5\left|\vec{a} - \vec{b}\right| = 5; the vectors c⃗−a⃗\vec{c} - \vec{a} and c⃗−b⃗\vec{c} - \vec{b} make an angle of $\df…

plane geometryInscribed AngleLaw of SinesExtrema+1
★ 7/10

Equal Segments on a Focal Vertical

Through the left focus F1F_1 of the ellipse W:x22+y2=1W:\dfrac{x^2}{2}+y^2=1, a line l1l_1 meets the ellipse at points AA and BB, where A(0,1)A(0,1). A second line l2l_2 through F1F_1 meets …

conic sectionsVieta's Formulas
★ 8/10

A Minimum of a Radical Plus Quadratic

Let f(x)=2x4−18x2+12x+68+x2−x+1f(x)=\sqrt{2x^4-18x^2+12x+68}+x^2-x+1. Determine, with proof, the minimum value of f(x)f(x) and the number of points at which it is attained.

functionsExtremaReflectionanalytic geometry
★ 7/10

Proving Jensen's Inequality

Let f(x)f(x) be defined on an interval II, and suppose that for all x1,x2∈Ix_1, x_2 \in I and all tt with 0⩽t⩽10 \leqslant t \leqslant 1,

f((1−t)x1+tx2)⩽(1−t)f(x1…f\big((1-t)x_1 + tx_2\big) \leqslant (1-t)f(x_1…
functionsConvexityInductioninequality
★ 8/10

Dihedral Angles of a Tetrahedron

In a tetrahedron S-ABCS\text{-}ABC, the base △ABC\triangle ABC is equilateral. Let α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma be the plane angles of the dihedral angles along ABAB, BCBC, CACA (i.e., $S\text…

solid geometryTrigonometric IdentitiesTriangle Geometry
★ 8/10

A Log Telescoping Bound

Let f(x)=xln⁡x−ax2+af(x) = x\ln x - ax^2 + a with a>0a > 0.

1. If f(x)<0f(x) < 0 for all x>1x > 1, find the range of possible values of aa. 2. For integers n⩾2n \geqslant 2, prove that

\frac{\ln 2…
calculusMonotonicityEstimationTelescoping+1

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