A Grid of Progressions

Problem

A sequence {an}\{a_n\} has exactly m2m^2 terms (with m>2m > 2). The first block a1,a2,,ama_1, a_2, \dots, a_m is an arithmetic sequence with nonzero common difference, and for each i{1,2,,m}i \in \{1, 2, \dots, m\}, the subsequence ai,ai+m,,ai+(m1)ma_i, a_{i+m}, \dots, a_{i+(m-1)m} is arithmetic, with the same nonzero common difference for every ii.

1. If m=3m = 3, a1=1a_1 = 1, a4=3a_4 = 3, a9=9a_9 = 9, find the sum of all terms of {an}\{a_n\}. 2. Prove that a1,a(m+1)+1,a2(m+1)+1,,a(m1)(m+1)+1a_1, a_{(m+1)+1}, a_{2(m+1)+1}, \dots, a_{(m-1)(m+1)+1} form an arithmetic sequence. 3. Choose three numbers p<q<rp < q < r at random from 1,2,,m21, 2, \dots, m^2, and let PmP_m be the probability that p,q,rp, q, r form an arithmetic sequence and ap,aq,ara_p, a_q, a_r also form an arithmetic sequence. Prove that

Pm>3m64m38m.P_m > \frac{3m - 6}{4m^3 - 8m}.

Answer

Solution

Difficulty8/10
Topicscombinatorics, Arithmetic Progression, Counting, probability, sequences

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