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★ 5/10

kk-Pretty Numbers

Call a positive integer nn kk-pretty if nn is divisible by kk and nn has exactly kk positive divisors. For example, 1818 is 66-pretty: it is divisible by 66, and its divi…

number theoryCountingCasework
★ 8/10

Absolute Sines in a Row

Let f(x)=∣sin⁡x∣f(x) = |\sin x|.

1. Prove that

sin⁡1≤f(x)+f(x+1)≤2cos⁡12.\sin 1 \le f(x) + f(x+1) \le 2\cos\frac12.
  1. Prove that for every positive integer nn,
f(n)n+f(n+1)n+1+⋯…\frac{f(n)}{n} + \frac{f(n+1)}{n+1} + \cdots…
trigonometryEstimationCauchy-Schwarzinequality
★ 7/10

Curve Traced by a Sliding Linkage

figure

A drawing tool is built as follows. OO is the midpoint of a straight slot ABAB. A short rod ONON can rotate about OO, and …

ParametrizationAffine Transformationconic sectionsAM-GM+1
★ 6/10

Two Points Dividing a Chord in Equal Ratios

figure

As shown in the figure, points AA and BB lie on the ellipse x2m+y2=1\dfrac{x^2}{m} + y^2 = 1 (where m>1m > 1), and PP and QQ a…

Parametrizationconic sectionsanalytic geometryVieta's Formulas
★ 8/10

Lattice Points on a Circle

How many lattice points lie on the circle centered at (199,0)(199, 0) with radius 199199?

Diophantine Equationsnumber theoryModular Arithmeticanalytic geometry
★ 8/10

A Guaranteed Large Value

Let g(x)=∣x2−ax−a∣g(x) = |x^2 - ax - a|. Suppose that for every real aa there exists x0∈[0,1]x_0 \in [0, 1] with g(x0)⩾kg(x_0) \geqslant k. Find the range of possible values of kk.

functionsExtremaAbsolute Valueinequality
★ 6/10

Slicing a Triangle into 24502450 Pieces

Triangle ABCABC has side lengths AB=9AB = 9, BC=53BC = 5\sqrt{3}, and AC=12AC = 12. Points P0=A,P1,P2,…,P2449,P2450=BP_0 = A, P_1, P_2, \dots, P_{2449}, P_{2450} = B lie in this order on segment ABAB, and points $…

plane geometryDiophantine EquationsSimilar Trianglesnumber theory
★ 6/10

Hidden Zeros Align

Let f(x)=(x+a)ln⁡(x+b)f(x) = (x + a)\ln(x + b). If f(x)⩾0f(x) \geqslant 0 for all xx in the domain, find the minimum value of a2+b2a^2 + b^2.

functionscalculusCompleting the SquareLogarithms+1
★ 7/10

Coefficients Reversed

Suppose ∣ax2+bx+c∣≤1|ax^2 + bx + c| \le 1 for all x∈[−1,1]x \in [-1, 1]. Prove that

∣cx2+bx+a∣≤2for all x∈[−1,1].\left|cx^2 + bx + a\right| \le 2 \qquad \text{for all } x \in [-1, 1].
Quadratic EquationsAbsolute ValuealgebraPolynomials+1
★ 6/10

A Midpoint Locus and a Circle

A segment ABAB of fixed length 44 moves with its endpoints on the two intersecting lines x+2y=0x + 2y = 0 and x−2y=0x - 2y = 0 (one endpoint on each line). Let GG be the midpoint of ABAB…

ParametrizationCirclesconic sectionsanalytic geometry
★ 7/10

A Ladder Point Locus

A segment ABAB of length 33 has AA on the xx-axis and BB on the yy-axis, and a point PP on the line ABAB satisfies BP→=2PA→\overrightarrow{BP} = 2\overrightarrow{PA}.

1. Find the …

Circlesconic sectionsanalytic geometrySymmetry
★ 5/10

A Pyramid over a Parallelogram Base

figure

As shown in the figure, in the pyramid P-ABCDP\text{-}ABCD the base ABCDABCD is a parallelogram with $\angle ABC=120^\circ…

Law of Cosinessolid geometry

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