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9/10

A Partition and a Parallelogram

Sets A,B,CA,B,C with AB=A\cap B=\varnothing and AB=CA\cup B=C are said to give a partition (A,B)(A,B) of CC.

1. Let $A_1=\left{x\mid\tan\left(\dfrac{\pi x}2+\dfrac{\pi}4\right)=-1,\ x\…

functionstrigonometrySet TheoryTrigonometric Identities+2
7/10

An Incenter Dot Product

Let II be the incenter of ABC\triangle ABC with AB=3AB = 3, AC=13AC = \sqrt{13}, and ABC=60\angle ABC = 60^\circ. Find AIBC\overrightarrow{AI}\cdot\overrightarrow{BC}.

plane geometryLaw of CosinesTriangle Geometryvectors
5/10

Integers That Allow a Solution

Suppose there exists xRx \in \mathbb{R} such that

x2+xa2<0,x^2 + |x - a| - 2 < 0,

where aZa \in \mathbb{Z}. Find the sum of all integers aa satisfying this condition.

ExtremaAbsolute Valuealgebrainequality+1
7/10

A Tangent-Line Gap

Suppose there exists a>0a > 0 such that

xlnx+2aax+bfor all x(0,+).x\ln x + 2a \geqslant ax + b \qquad \text{for all } x \in (0, +\infty).

Find the maximum possible value of bb.

functionscalculusTangent Line TrickConvexity+2
7/10

Equal Segments on a Focal Vertical

Through the left focus F1F_1 of the ellipse W:x22+y2=1W:\dfrac{x^2}{2}+y^2=1, a line l1l_1 meets the ellipse at points AA and BB, where A(0,1)A(0,1). A second line l2l_2 through F1F_1 meets …

conic sectionsVieta's Formulas
9/10

Three Solutions and a Double Extreme

Let

f(x)=(x3ax)ln(x2+1a),xR.f(x) = \left(x^3 - ax\right)\ln\left(x^2 + 1 - a\right), \qquad x \in \mathbb{R}.

1. If the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 has exactly 33 real solutions, find the range of possibl…

ExtremacalculusMonotonicity
7/10

Shadows on a Line

In the plane, segments AB=3AB = 3 and AC=5AC = 5 make an angle BAC=π6\angle BAC = \dfrac{\pi}{6}. As the line ll varies over all lines in the plane, find the range of possible values of t…

plane geometrytrigonometryExtremaTrigonometric Identities+1
7/10

Squared Distances on an Incircle

A moving line ll through the point M(4,3)M(4,3) meets the positive xx-axis at a point AA and the positive yy-axis at a point BB. Among all such lines, take the one for which the a…

CirclesAM-GManalytic geometryvectors
7/10

The Best Constant Is 23\tfrac23

Consider the inequality

1+2++n<C(n+1)3/2(nN).1 + \sqrt2 + \cdots + \sqrt n < C\,(n+1)^{3/2} \qquad (n \in \mathbb{N}^*).

Prove that it holds for all nn when C=23C = \dfrac23, and fails for some $n…

sequencesEstimationTelescopinginequality
7/10

Claims About a Piecewise Function

Let

f(x)={x22x,xa,2x+a,x<a.f(x)=\begin{cases}x^2-2x,&x\geqslant a,\\ 2^x+a,&x<a.\end{cases}

Determine, with proof, which of the following claims are true.

1. When a=1a=1, f(x)f(x) has exactly one zero.…

functionsExtremaMonotonicityCasework
6/10

A Power Inequality from a Harmonic Condition

Let aa and bb be positive numbers with 1a+1b=1\dfrac{1}{a} + \dfrac{1}{b} = 1, and let nNn \in \mathbb{N}^*. Prove that

(a+b)nanbn22n2n+1.(a+b)^n - a^n - b^n \geqslant 2^{2n} - 2^{n+1}.
algebraBinomial TheoremAM-GMinequality
7/10

A Pinned Sum of Squares

Let SnS_n be the sum of the first nn terms of an arithmetic sequence {an}\{a_n\} whose terms are all nonzero reals. For a given integer n>1n > 1 and positive number MM, the sequence…

Arithmetic ProgressionsequencesCauchy-Schwarzinequality

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