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★ 8/10

An Endpoint Analysis

Let

f(x)=ln⁡(1+x)−ax1−x,f(x) = \ln(1+x) - \frac{ax}{1-x},

where aa is real.

1. When a=1a = 1, find the intervals of monotonicity of f(x)f(x). 2. If f(x)⩽0f(x) \leqslant 0 for all −1<x<1-1 < x < 1, find t…

calculusMonotonicityinequalityCasework
★ 8/10

Extremes in Two Windows

The function

f(x)=23x3+12ax2+2bx+cf(x) = \frac{2}{3}x^3 + \frac{1}{2}ax^2 + 2bx + c

has a local maximum in (0,1)(0, 1) and a local minimum in (1,2)(1, 2). If (a+3)b⩽t(a + 3)b \leqslant t holds for all such $…

Quadratic EquationsExtremacalculusinequality
★ 7/10

An Incenter Sum

In △ABC\triangle ABC (usual notation),

(acos⁡C+ccos⁡A)tan⁡A=3 b.(a\cos C + c\cos A)\tan A = \sqrt3\,b.

1. Find AA. 2. If a=3a = \sqrt3 and II is the incenter, find the maximum of IB+ICIB + IC.

plane geometryLaw of SinestrigonometryTrigonometric Identities+1
★ 8/10

Counting Two Ways

An infinite sequence P ⁣:a1,a2,…P \colon a_1, a_2, \ldots satisfies ai∈N∗a_i \in \mathbb{N}^* and ai⩽ai+1a_i \leqslant a_{i+1}. For k∈N∗k \in \mathbb{N}^*, let Tk(P)T_k(P) be the smallest element of ${…

combinatoricsCountingsequences
★ 5/10

Another Perpendicular-Bisector Dot Product

In △ABC\triangle ABC, the perpendicular bisector of the side BCBC meets BCBC at QQ and meets ACAC at PP. Given ∣AB→∣=1\left|\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=1 and $\left|\overrightarrow{AC}\r…

plane geometryPolarization Identityvectors
★ 7/10

Cubes Summing to Multiples of 9

Let M={1,2,…,10}M = \{1, 2, \dots, 10\} and

A={(x,y,z):x,y,z∈M, 9∣x3+y3+z3}.A = \left\{(x, y, z) : x, y, z \in M,\ 9 \mid x^3 + y^3 + z^3\right\}.

How many elements does AA have?

combinatoricsnumber theoryCountingModular Arithmetic+1
★ 7/10

Equal Values Force a Sum

Let

f(x)=(x−1)ln⁡xx,f(x) = \frac{(x-1)\ln x}{x},

and suppose f(x1)=f(x2)f(x_1) = f(x_2) with x1≠x2x_1 \neq x_2. Prove that x1+x2>2x_1 + x_2 > 2.

calculusMonotonicityinequalitySymmetry
★ 7/10

An nn-Fold Shrinking Function

Let f(x)f(x) have domain DD. If there exists [a,b]⊆D[a, b] \subseteq D such that the minimum of f(x)f(x) on [a,b][a, b] is an\dfrac{a}{n} and the maximum is bn\dfrac{b}{n}, where nn is a pos…

functionsQuadratic EquationsSubstitutionLogarithms
★ 8/10

Exactly Two Good Levels

Let a,b,ca, b, c be positive integers and f(x)=ax+cxf(x) = ax + \dfrac{c}{x}. The equation f(x)=bf(x) = b has two real solutions in (0,1)(0, 1), and exactly 22 values of bb have this property. Fin…

functionsExtremanumber theoryAM-GM+1
★ 6/10

A Perfect-Square Quartic

Let

f(x)=4x4−6tx3+(2t2+6)x2−3tx+1,x>0.f(x) = 4x^4 - 6tx^3 + (2t^2 + 6)x^2 - 3tx + 1, \qquad x > 0.

If the minimum value of f(x)f(x) is 00, find tt.

functionsalgebraCompleting the SquarePolynomials+1
★ 7/10

Two Centers in a Window

The function

f(x)=35sin⁡ωx+315cos⁡ωx(ω>0)f(x) = 3\sqrt{5}\sin\omega x + 3\sqrt{15}\cos\omega x \qquad (\omega > 0)

has exactly two centers of symmetry with xx-coordinates in the interval $\left[\dfrac{…

functionstrigonometryTrigonometric IdentitiesSymmetry
★ 8/10

A Geometric Triple of Lengths

Consider the ellipse x2a2+y2b2=1\dfrac{x^2}{a^2} + \dfrac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 and its left vertex A(−a,0)A(-a, 0). A line ll through AA meets the ellipse again at QQ and meets the yy-axis at RR; …

Geometric ProgressionParametrizationconic sectionsanalytic geometry

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