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9/10

Real Solutions of a Floor-Trig Equation

Let f(x)=asinx+bcosxf(x)=a\sin x+b\cos x, where a,bNa,b\in\mathbb N, a>2a>2, and

{xf(x)=0}={xf(f(x))=0}.\{x\mid f(x)=0\}=\{x\mid f(f(x))=0\}.

Find the number of real solutions in (0,30)(0,30) of

functionstrigonometryEstimationCasework
6/10

A Double-Radical Range

Real numbers x,yx, y satisfy

x4y=2xy.x - 4\sqrt{y} = 2\sqrt{x - y}.

Find the range of possible values of xx.

ParametrizationalgebraCauchy-Schwarzinequality+1
7/10

Three Lines Through PP

Consider the parabola C ⁣:y2=2pxC \colon y^2 = 2px (with p>0p > 0). Through the point P(2,1)P(2, 1), lines l1l_1 and l2l_2 with slopes k1k_1 and k2k_2 meet the parabola at A,BA, B and M,NM, N res…

Parametrizationconic sectionsanalytic geometryVieta's Formulas
6/10

Coefficients of a Cubed Product

Let z1,z2,,z673z_1, z_2, \dots, z_{673} be distinct complex numbers such that

(xz1)3(xz2)3(xz673)3=x2019+20x2018+19x2017+g(x),(x-z_1)^3 (x-z_2)^3 \cdots (x-z_{673})^3 = x^{2019} + 20x^{2018} + 19x^{2017} + g(x),

where g(x)g(x) is a p…

complex numbersalgebraBinomial TheoremPolynomials+1
8/10

A Ratio of Two Symmetric Chords

Let AA and BB be two points on the ellipse x24+y22=1\dfrac{x^2}4+\dfrac{y^2}2=1, symmetric about the origin OO, and let PP be a point on the ellipse x212+y26=1\dfrac{x^2}{12}+\dfrac{y^2}6=1. …

Substitutionconic sectionsSymmetryvectors
8/10

An Equal-Volume Point Distance

In a pyramid P-ABCDP\text{-}ABCD, AB=AD=10AB=AD=\sqrt{10}, CB=CD=5CB=CD=5, BAD=90\angle BAD=90^\circ, PB=4PB=4, PC=3PC=3. A point QQ inside PBC\triangle PBC is such that the pyramid Q-ABCDQ\text{-}ABCD and t…

Extremasolid geometryCauchy-Schwarzvectors
8/10

Convergence to ee

Prove that the sequence

{(1+1n)n}\left\{\left(1 + \frac{1}{n}\right)^n\right\}

converges.

LimitscalculusMonotonicityBinomial Theorem+1
7/10

Monotone Dice Rolls

A die is rolled five times. Find the probability of the event: the five results are neither all equal nor all distinct, and from the second roll on, each result is at least the pre…

combinatoricsCountingprobabilityCasework
7/10

Proving 2ex>x3+3x2\mathrm e^x>x^3+3x

Prove that 2ex>x3+3x2\mathrm e^x>x^3+3x.

ExtremacalculusMonotonicityEstimation+1
6/10

Counting Zeros on an Interval

Let f(x)=(1+ax2)ex1f(x) = \left(1 + ax^2\right)\mathrm{e}^x - 1.

1. For a0a \geqslant 0, discuss the monotonicity of f(x)f(x). 2. Find the number of zeros of f(x)f(x) on [0,1][0, 1].

functionscalculusMonotonicityCasework+1
8/10

Five Solutions, Exactly

Let

f(x)={exex,x2,4x85x,x>2.f(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{\mathrm{e}x}{\mathrm{e}^x}, & x \le 2, \\[6pt] \dfrac{4x-8}{5x}, & x > 2. \end{cases}

The equation f2(x)3af(x)+2a2=0f^2(x) - 3a|f(x)| + 2a^2 = 0 has exactly …

functionscalculusAbsolute ValueMonotonicity+1
7/10

A Dot-Product Condition on an Ellipse

In the coordinate plane, consider the ellipse Γ ⁣:x2a2+y2b2=1\Gamma \colon \dfrac{x^2}{a^2} + \dfrac{y^2}{b^2} = 1 (with a>b>0a > b > 0). Let AA be an endpoint of the major axis, BB an endpoint …

Quadratic Equationsconic sectionsanalytic geometrySymmetry+1

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